What our materials are based on
- international clinical guidelines: NICE (UK), EAU (European Association of Urology), AUA/SUFU (USA), ICS/IUGA terminology standards;
- Cochrane systematic reviews;
- peer-reviewed research, especially studies carried out in Kazakhstan and Central Asia;
- current clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Every article ends with a list of sources so that any information can be checked.
Standards for research
Before citing a study, we check:
- the research question and design;
- sample size and description, period, inclusion criteria;
- data collection and analysis methods;
- limitations stated by the authors;
- where the work was published and whether it was peer-reviewed.
We try to be honest about limitations — for example, explaining that a case–control study shows an association, not a cause.
Protecting participants
Only aggregated, anonymised data are published on this site. Any research involving personal data must have a legal basis, participants' informed consent and approval from a local ethics committee, and must comply with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Personal Data and Their Protection".
Editorial process
- Material is prepared from the sources listed above.
- Figures and clinical statements are checked against primary sources.
- The text is reviewed by a medical editor.
- Kazakh and English translations are checked by native speakers.
- Materials are revised when new guidelines are published.